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STATE MUSEUM OF TURKMENISTAN
Trans-Caspian regional museum. The first museum collection in Turkmenistan has begun to be completed in 1894. These values concerned history, archaeology, ethnography, nature and fine arts of the Turkmen people.
On the 12-th of November 1894 trans-Caspian military-national management issued the order on creation of museum. In 1897 for the purpose of creation of museum in Gokdepe has been specially planned and constructed the ground floor.
On the 17-th of March 1899 in Ashgabat has taken place an official opening of the trans-Caspian regional museum. Construction of a building of a museum of public library and a museum has begun on the 29-th of September 1902. And in 1904 has taken place its solemn opening. The museum was called the trans-Caspian regional museum up to 1919.
Turkmen State local history museum. To the order of the trans-Caspian military-national management, since has 1894 been organized the bundling of clothes, dwelling houses,labour tools, vegeble and animal worlds, minerals of the local district. After the collection has been returned from an exhibition carried in Nizhni Novgorod, was accepted the decision to take it as a ground of construction of a museum.
From the day of opening and up to the 1925 that museum Zoological, and further it was named State museum.
In 1925 the museum located in Ashgabat has begun to be named “State local history museum of Turkmenistan”.
In 1927 at the State local history museum of Turkmenistan was created a part of fine arts.
In 1951 was established Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan and the State local history museum of Turkmenistan was included into its structure.
In 1963, the State local history museum of Turkmenistan was included into jurisdiction of the Ministry of culture of Turkmenistan.
In 1985 as a result of merging of “Museum of history"," State local history museum of Turkmenistan” and “Fighters of revolution” memorial museum has been established the “United State museum of history and ethnography of Turkmenistan ".
State museum of the State cultural centre of Turkmenistan. According to the Decree of the President of Turkmenistan № 3479 on the 5-th of January 1998 earlier operating museum of “Historyand ethnography of Turkmenistan” have been united with a museum of “Fine arts of Turkmenistan” and was established the National museum of Turkmenistan.
On the 12-th of November 1998 has taken place inauguration of “National museum of Turkmenistan”.
According to the Decree of the President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov №8270 from the 21-st of February 2007 from both sides of the “National museum of Turkmenistan” has begun construction of the “Museum of President of Turkmenistan” and “Museum of Ethnography of Turkmenistan”.
Согласно Постановлению Президента Туркменистана on the 14-th of May 2009 “National museum of Turkmenistan” was rename into the “National museum of Turkmenistan”.
On the 18-th of May and the 29-th of June 2009 was correspondingly carried out inauguration of “Museum of Ethnography of Turkmenistan” and “Museum of President of Turkmenistan”.
According to the Decree of the honourable President №12981 from 25-th of April 2013 the name of the National cultural centre of Turkmenistan has been renamed into the State cultural centre of Turkmenistan, according to this Decree had been renamed the name “Main national museum of Turkmenistan” into “The State museum of the State cultural centre of Turkmenistan”. The total area of a museum of 165323,21 m². On the ground floor of the main building there is a hall of Independence, hall of a Turkmen carpet and temporary exhibitions; on the first floor - hall of Ancient history, Margush, Parthia and two halls of history of the Middle Ages.
In the hall of Ancient history the history of mankind in territory of Turkmenistan during an epoch of a paleolith, Mesolithic, late Stone Age and Eneolithic in is shown dioramas, by means ofphoto, the information and archaeological finds. It is presented as a caves of Dam-dam Cheshme and Jebel, the Jeytun culture and the city of Altyndepe.
In the hall devoted to the state of Margush, are shown finds from Gonurdepe, which tell, that inhabitants of that epoch were one of the first who has domesticated horses, their jewellery, articles skilfully made of a stone, marble, bronze, silver, ceramics.
The hall of Parthia forms a complex of the finds, which have been found out in fortresses of Old and New Nisa, considered to be a place of occurrence of the state Parthia, one of the strongest states of antiquity in Southern Turkmenistan.
In the hall of the Middle Ages is shown history of the early Middle Ages (V-IX centuries), developed (IX-XII centuries) and the late Middle Ages (XII-XVI centuries) by means of archaeological finds, reconstruction, dioramas, photos and the official information. The historical finds telling about the states, created by Turkmens in the Middle Ages, models of monuments of Merv, Kunyaurgench, Anau, samples of Lustre ceramics, the various ware from bronze is the cause of heightened interest to a museum.
“Museum of the President of Turkmenistan” of “The State museum of the State cultural centre of Turkmenistan” has been solemnly opened and put in operation on the 29-th June2009. The main task of this museum is thorough studying of the information about internal and foreign policy of Turkmenistan and strengthening of public interest to it, and also popularization among the population of the news connected with activity of the honourable President, decrees, laws and other official documents. In the exposition the sufficient place is given the souvenirs, which have been presented to the honourable President by the ministries, departments and representatives of foreign countries in acknowledgment of gratitude for his activity.
“Museum of ethnography and local lore” of the “State museum of the State cultural centre of Turkmenistan” has been opened on the 18-th May 2009. The exposition on ground floor of the museum is devoted to the nature of Turkmenistan. On the first floor is located the exposition concerning ethnography of Turkmenistan. The exposition of a museum of the nature consists of 11 departments.
The exposition of a museum of nature begins with acknowledgement of scientific hypothesis on origin of life on the Earth by remains of plants and animals found in the territory of Turkmenistan.
On the second floor of a museum in the exposition of department of Ethnography are concentrated the exhibits, concerning culture of the Turkmen people, its life, concepts about jewellery, ceremonies, singularity of education, agriculture, animal breeding, hunting, fishery, weaving, carpet weaving, crafts, irrigation, architecture and strategic art.